The use of the ECTS at the ‘third cycle’, or Ph.D. Usually a ‘second cycle’ (or master's) degree equates to 90 or 120 ECTS credits. A ‘first cycle’ (or bachelor's) degree consists of either 180 or 240 ECTS credits. A typical 'short cycle qualification' typically includes 90-120 ECTS credits.
In a standard academic year, these credits are usually broken down into several smaller modules.
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How does it work?Ħ0 ECTS credits are the equivalent of a full year of study or work. This issue is addressed in part by enhancing the comprehension of the learning outcomes and workload of programmes of study.ĮCTS also makes it possible to blend different learning styles, such as university and work-based learning, within the same programme of study or through lifelong learning. Why is ECTS needed?ĭifferences between national higher education systems can lead to problems concerning the recognition of qualifications and mobility periods abroad. ECTS also helps make other documents, such as the Diploma Supplement, clearer and easier to use in different countries.ĮCTS has been adopted by most of the countries in the European Higher Education Area as the national credit system and is increasingly used elsewhere. It is a central tool in the Bologna Process, which aims to make national education systems more comparable internationally. It also supports the planning, delivery and evaluation of higher education programmes. ECTS credits represent learning based on defined learning outcomes and their associated workload.ĮCTS enhances the flexibility of study programmes for students. It helps students to move between countries and to have their academic qualifications and study periods abroad recognised.ĮCTS allows credits taken at one higher education institution to be counted towards a qualification studied for at another. The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a tool of the European Higher Education Area for making studies and courses more transparent. What is the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System?
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